LCAudio-TheEndMillennium-pwr-sm 维修电路原理图.pdf

The EndMillenniumThe End Millennium is a high quality Power Amplifier, in power sizes of 99 to 300 Watts (8 Ohms).While running in Class A/B the high sound quality is reached through a number of advanceddesign strategies. First of all no feedback loops is found in the circuit, as any error that might be corrected by the feedback loop, cannot be corrected before it is factual, and then - obviously - it is too late. A simple circuit topology with a minimum of high quality components ensures short signal path. Polyprop Capacitors, Vertical bipolar multi emitter transistors, glass substrate resistors to mention some of the high-tech components used.The higher frequencies are played with simplicity through the ultra fast amplifier (linear to 500.000Hz)and the four stage output power tunnel gives a firm and fast bass reproduction. The total soundstage is well controlled and well defined, with precise space and nerve visuality.Audio Power Amplifier.Cook Book.RadioFans.CN 收音机爱 好者资料库The End MillenniumL C Audio Technology2Copying and distribution of this material is allowed, but any commercial use is strictly prohibited without the written permission of L C Audio Technology.Further information: Adjustment procedureAssembly InstructionsCabinet descriptionConnection of inputsConnection of the outputsConnections to the ext. BoardsHigh Power Systems based on MillenniumNonfeedback = Musicality!Parts ListPCB SketchPower Supply ConsiderationsPrinciple behind the MillenniumSchematicUse of the DC ServoContent.1712201415165411973818RadioFans.CN 收音机爱 好者资料库Principle behind The End Millennium.The principle schematic shows how simple the fundamental circuit of Millennium really is. There are no feedback loops (100% non-feedback), there are no capacitors or other sound depriving components near the signal path. The frequency responce is linear from DC to extreme hights: 500.000 Hz. This is probably the fastest amplifier You ever heard! Any part of the music from the deepest bass to the teeniest transient is reproduced with ease by the Millennium!The Millennium module also contains extra functions such as DC servo and an effective short circuit protection. The protection will monitor if any overload is evident, and then shut down for a couple of seconds. No current limiters or signal limiters are used at all. Should an overload occur, the anp will automatically shut down, and wait for things to normalize again. Then it will turn on and play normally. This system is so effective, that short circuit is allowed at full power for days!Owing to the new amplifier topology, which in several aspects is path breaking in modern audio technology, it has been possible to make available an amplifier with a well controlled sound picture, a liquid flowing soundstage and extreme precision, at a very affordable price.The low price is primarily possible because You do the assembly work Yourself.(Hand built ready versions are available at a higher price).The four stage output power tunnel lets the speaker membranes draw all the current required, directly from the power reservoir. Not only to start the motion, but also to stop at the right microsecond.The End MillenniumL C Audio Technology3Copying and distribution of this material is allowed, but any commercial use is strictly prohibited without the written permission of L C Audio Technology.100% Non-Feedback = 100% musicality!The warm - almost tube like - sound is mostly owing to the amplifier structure not containing the usual feedback loop. This principle is normally called non-feedback, and is also used in other brands of (costly) high-end amplifiers.In a normal amplifier (with feedback loop) a typical approach is to use a high-gain (up to 100.000 times) / high-distorsion circuit to perform the voltage amplification. By comparing the output signal on the speaker terminals to the input signal fed to the amplifier, it is possible to send a correction signal to eliminate any error and thus reducing the measured harmonic distortion. However an error cannot be corrected before it is encountered, and then it is in fact too late, because the speakers are also connected to the erractic signal.In fact the error signal is comparable to eliminating waves in one end of a swimming pool by sending opposite waves from the other end. Not practical, unless the waves have a very low frequency, compared to the time it takes the correcting waves to reach the other end of the basin.Another problem occurs when You are trying to linearize a signal, that have been amplified by an unlinear (distorting) element. Then You will inevitable see modulation formerly known as TIM (Transient Inter Modulation). This is annoying is there is say two vocalists in a piece, but You actually hear a third un-harmonic tone. In better cases a loss of audible details is found, but less annoying. Another way to detect modulation is when an amplifier changes sound when the volume is raised or lowered. In The End Millennium the sound is exactly the same no matter what playing level is required. It uses a quite different technique to eliminate distortion. In a non-feedback topology there is no possibility to remove distortion once it is evident, so every method has to be enforced to avoid distortion. Ultra Linear Semiconductors, Highly Stable Resistors, no capacitors, and rounded PCB traces for all audio signals. All components used are brand-name highest graded stuff, that is only found in other amplifiers at a far higher price level.The result is uncomplicated, and extremely clear audio quality with absolutely no modulation, but instead streams of details and musical dynamics.The british made Z-Transistor is a vertical bipolar transistor built a way normally associated withMOSFETs . However the Z-transistor has much less Re (or Rs) than any FET or MOSFET, and therefore it produces less distortion in an audio circuit.The capacitance is negligible (6 pF) and very low noise is also a useful property.The End MillenniumL C Audio Technology4High Power Millennium Systems.A basic Millennium amplifer is designed to run on a 33-0-33 V transformer and put out 120 Watts in 8 Ohms / 240 Watts in 4 Ohms. By adding an extra set of power transistors on an ext. Module, You may use the Millennium at higher power levels or lower impedances (right down to 1 Ohm). One extra set of output devices will let the unit run on a 40-0-40 V transformer and provide 180 Watts in 8 Ohms / Two extra output modules will give You 350Watts in 4 Ohms. 3 Extra sets will give 250 Watts in 8 Ohms / 500 Watts in 4 Ohms with a 50-0-50 V transformer.The extra output devices are placed on an ext. Module that also contains emitter resistors and appropriate bypassing caps to secure stability.Instead of higher voltages the impedance with the latter system may be sustained at 33-0-33 V (AC) and more than 800 Watts are available in 1 Ohm loads.Due to the risk of sound quality deprivation we do not recommend parallelling output devices that are goind to reproduce treble / midrange frequencies. Parallel devices have small differences that will result in high order (very audible) distortions, heard as aggressive sound at high volume levels. The solution is to have separate outputs for bass and treble/mid. However this requires the speakers to be bi-wirable. Most speakers have this feature today. One set of output devices drive the treble/mid output, while a number of additional sets enforces high current output in the bass output where high-order distortion is removed by the speaker filter.Separate output terminals are standard issues in out kits of 180W or higher. (Except theBalanced versions where no parallel output devices are used anyway).Ext. board with an extra set of output devices plus emitter resistors and bypassing caps .Up to 3 ext. Boards can be connected to one main boardusing power and signal in/out wires.The End MillenniumL C Audio Technology5Copying and distribution of this material is allowed, but any commercial use is strictly prohibited without the written permission of L C Audio Technology.“The End” is the greatest audio success in Scandinavia ever! Any Scandinavian DYI audist know The End in former version 3.1. More than 3600 of this kit was built in the period from 1995 to 1999 where Millennium took over. Nearly every one of these 3600 units runs today and provides remarkable high sound quality in hundreds of Different sound systems.Four stage output power tunnelensures bass control.Glass substrate resistors improve linearity and homogeneity.Signal Amplification is performed by the special Z-transistors with very Low Re and output capacitance (Cc=6pF).Ultra Linear Core (ULC) Circuit topology gives low distortion with no feedback.Power rails bypassed by 4,7uF Ploypropylene Foil Capacitors ensures highTreble resolution.Any PCB trace that carries audio signals have rounded corners rather thatAngular ones. This eliminates standing waves in the trace, and gives a moreCorrect and precise sound.Furthermore a couple of functions have been added to the compact Fr4 material main board. A selectable DC Servo kepps DC error within 5 mV, and an effective short circuit protection keeps Your amp alive, even under extreme overloads. A BIAS system where any thermal load is within limits to a supply voltage of +/- 100V ensures long operational life in any application. Millennium is also stable with low supply voltages ( from +/- 10 V DC ).The Millennium edition is improved in every aspect:The End MillenniumL C Audio Technology6NEW!NEW!NEW!NEW!NEW!NEW!Copying and distribution of this material is allowed, but any commercial use is strictly prohibited without the written permission of L C Audio Technology.The End MillenniumL C Audio Technology7Power Supply Considerations.The Power Supply is crucial for the sound quality!If You are going to design the perfect audio power supply, the most appealing option is to use a battery of the great performing (Swedish made) RIFA power capacitors of 100.000 uF each. Combine with blocking coils to remove charging peaks and You have the best practical Audio Power System. However the price and size of this approach makes it less appealing to your view of sensible money and space utilization. It is too expensive and takes up as much space as a small refrigirator. Therefore we have designed the Super Power Supply, to use intelligent design to weigh up for the size and simplicity of the RIFA solution. 120.000 uF of Low Impedance American made ChemiCon cans configured with a separate supply for the sensitive signal amplifiers, so any dips in the main power caused by extreme loading, will not affect the input and driver circuits.Also a set of Poly Carbonate caps eliminate high frequency noise from the rectifiers.10.000u63V10.000u63V10.000u63V10.000u63V10.000u63V10.000u63V10.000u63V10.000u63V10.000u63V10.000u63V10.000u63V10.000u63V4u7PC4u7PC4u7PC4u7PC2A bridge35A bridge2A bridge35A bridgeYELLOWYELLOWORANGEORANGEREDREDBLACKBLACK30 VA AuxillaryTransformer5-700 VA Main TransformerAUX +AUX -MAIN +GNDMAIN -Copying and distribution of this material is allowed, but any commercial use is strictly prohibited without the written permission of L C Audio Technology.The AUX Supplies are used for the voltage amplifier and the driver stage.These two 4u7 are markedon the PCB but normallynot mounted on the PSU,because they are now placedon the amplifier boards.The End MillenniumL C Audio Technology8The End MillenniumComplete Schematic.The Power supply unit consist of 120.000 American made MicroFarads, and providesall the stability and musclepower needed todrive even critical speaker loads. The brandChemiCon is formerly known as Sprague.Ground if unbalancedinput signal is used.The End MillenniumL C Audio Technology9PowerT9NPN BasisPNP BasisHUSK KaptonHUSK Kapton2SA12162SC2922-+T1DC-OutAux+Aux-T2Input-GOutputDC-ServoBIASGND+Bias TPBias TPInput+Copyright 1999-2000L C Audio TechnologyThe EndMillenniumT5T6BC5172SB11862SD1763IC1C7555R43499kT13BCV47T14S2DT8S2DR1280R6R980R6C1822p/200VC1722p/200VT7S1DT11S1DD5BAV103T10S2DT12S1DT191ET206ET156ET166ET171ET181ER44301kR212k74R223k01R110RR354k99R74k99R62k0C16100nR21k0R132k0R141k00R204k02R191k00R171k00R184k02D4BAV103RE20R27RE30R27RE40R27RE50R27RE60R27R5-14R42R5-24R42R7-14R42R7-24R42RE10R27R293k01R303k01P1501C10100nR411MC15100nR457K62D915VP2103T3A1514R23100kT4C3906D14V7D24V7R24301R25301R102k0R112k0R82k0R32k0R10047kR10147kR2710kR2616kT21BF822R281kR31100kC11100nD84V7R3210kR361kT23BF822D7BAV99C8100nR3847kR4016kR341k8T22BF823R510kR1622RC40.22uC20.22uR1522RRZ-2k0RZ+2k0C141uC13100nC12470nR427K62D1015VR371kD3BAV103T24BCV47R4633kD64148C522nIC2LF411R430kRGND2R20R331MC7470nC9470/63C6470/63PCB SketchNote Not 1:1Measures : 107 by 54 mm.Copying and distribution of this material is allowed, but any commercial use is strictly prohibited without the written permission of L C Audio Technology.The End MillenniumL C Audio Technology10Photo of the Millennium Main PCB.Heatsink placed here.-30-70V-30-70V AUX supply.+30-70V +30-70V AUX Supply.BIAS testpointBIAS testpointCopying and distribution of this material is allowed, but any commercial use is strictly prohibited without the written permission of L C Audio Technology.The End MillenniumL C Audio Technology11Partslist.Copying and distribution of this material is allowed, but any commercial use is strictly prohibited without the written permission of L C Audio Technology.Transistors.T12SC2922 SankenT22SA1216 SankenT52SD1763AT62SB1186AT9BC517Capacitors.C14u7 PolypropyleneC20,22u MKT 100VC34u7 PolypropyleneC40,22u MKT 100VC6470u / 63V Panasonic FCC9470u / 63V Panasonic FCC120,47u MKTC141u MKTCZ0,1u PP(for Zobel network)Resistors.R1522R BeyschlagRed Red Black GoldR1622R BeyschlagRed Red Black GoldRGND 2R2 BeyschlagRed Red Black SilverRZ+2k00 BeyschlagRed Black Black Brown BrownRZ-2k00 BeyschlagRed Black Black Brown BrownRE1-6 0R27 Beyschlag non inductiveRed Violet Silver GoldP1500 Ohm Bourns 3386P trimmer mark 501Bias adj.P210k Bourns 3386P trimmermark 103DC offset adj.RZ2R15 1W(for Zobel network)Diverse.Main PCB with SMD components fitted.2 Kapton isolation pads (add no grease!)4 Screws 3 by 13 mm selfcutting alu screws2 Screws 3 by 8 mm. Selfcutting alu screws4 big 3mm. Flat Washers2 small 3mm. Flat Washers1 Jumper for DC ServoComponents not mentioned above are already fitted on the board as SMDsThe End MillenniumL C Audio Technology12Copying and distribution of this material is allowed, but any commercial use is strictly prohibited without the written permission of L C Audio Technology.Building Instruction.Assembling the Millennium is easy and consumes little time.Start by pouring all the components in the package out on Your table.Get Your Soldering iron heated.Start by mounting the lowprofile components, like resistors and trimmers. Follow the printed values on the PCB itself, and compare with the color codes printed on the previous page. If You are sure everything is mounted correctly, solder it down.After this fit the capa